Free PDF Armies of Castile and Aragon 1370-1516 (Men-at-Arms), by John Pohl
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Armies of Castile and Aragon depicts the fighting men whose skill and tactical flexibility made Spain into a world power at the close of the Middle Ages, carving out empires from the Mediterranean to the Caribbean. Much has been written of the men who fought in the Hundred Years' War between England and France, and the Wars of the Roses. But meanwhile, on the Iberian peninsula, the foundations of Spain's military 'Golden Age' were being laid as the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon under the Trastamara dynasty grew in power, ambition and success.
This book features spectacular full-color artwork, and rare manuscript illustrations.
- Sales Rank: #381800 in Books
- Brand: Osprey
- Published on: 2015-04-21
- Released on: 2015-04-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.88" h x .20" w x 6.87" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 48 pages
About the Author
Dr. John Pohl has conducted numerous archaeological excavations and surveys in Mexico and Central America as well as the Catalan region of southern France. Dr. Pohl is noted for bringing the ancient past to life using a wide variety of innovative skills and techniques ranging from museum exhibitions for Princeton University, the Getty, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art to film productions for the History Channel, the Discovery Channel, the BBC and Dreamworks. In addition to his work in education through public media, he currently serves as Adjunct Full Professor in the Department of Art History at UCLA.
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Osprey at its Very Best!
By Marco Antonio Abarca
John Pohl makes a very good argument for reading his book in the very first paragraph. He notes, " Traditionally, Late Medeival European History focuses on the Hundred Years War, followed by England's War of the Roses and the Swiss Wars against Burgundy and the Empire. Attention shifts to Spain only after 1492, with the fall of Granada and the first explorations and conquests in the Americas. This may leave the reader with a sense of astonishment that seemingly from nowhere the 'Catholic Monarchs' Fernando and Isabel were able to lay the foundation for the world's first global empire." That introductory paragraph nails it. Why were the Spanish able to create an immense global empire in such short order?
With Osprey, you never know what you are going to get. The quality of their book's authors range from bumbling enthusiasts to pedantic professors and every once in a while you will find an author who can really write. Fortunately, "Armies of Castille and Aragon" is one of Osprey's better endeavors. Professor John Pohl cannot only write clear prose but also has the gift of simplifying complex history. In a short forty seven pages, Pohl beautifully answers the question he posits in the introductory paragraph. This short book was a joy to read and I highly recommend it.
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Good but limited
By JPS
This is a good “Men-at-Arms” title, even if it is not the appropriate format for the author’s lofty ambitions. John M.D. Pohl is quite correct in stating that, when studying Late Medieval History, attention shifts to Spain only with the fall of Granada (1492) and the first conquests of the Americas, or in connection with the Hundred Years War during the 1360s. However, such a title simply cannot suffice to explain how “the Catholic Monarchs” (Fernando and Isabella) were able to lay “the foundation for the first world empire”, nor does it have the space to describe the dynastic struggles that took place from 1370 onwards and for a century and a half.
It nevertheless tries to do so and some sections, however limited and perhaps even superficial, had, at least for me, the merit of making me want to learn more on the period or events that they were describing. This was particularly the case for the multi-year conquest of Granada, which proved to be a rather tougher nut to crack than what the general reader may assume and which was largely conquered while taking advantage of “Muslim disunity”, as the author puts it so nicely (read “civil war”).
Another particularly interesting bit was the growing involvement of Aragon in Southern Italy, its conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, and the role of Gonzalo de Cordoba, sometimes presented as the founder of Spanish Tercio regiments, in Italy. Each of these topics would have deserved a (our several) book of several hundred pages to do it justice.
A third little known aspect which this booklet touches on is the development of Spanish sea-power and of that of Castile in particular, during the Late Middle Ages. Unfortunately, it does mention its Aragonese equivalent in the Mediterranean, and how this allowed the Kings of Aragon to maintain their rule over Sicily during the fourteenth century in Sicily and allowed them to expand to Southern Italy during the next century.
Also interesting is the very brief summary of the reigns of “the Catholic Monarchs” and their very complementary roles, with Fernando the soldier and Isabella the organiser. There are perhaps several missing elements here. One is how they governed their two kingdoms. Another is their religious policies. To be fair, however, both these aspects go beyond the scope of a Men-at-Arms title but this might show you how much I, at least, was left wanting for more once I had finished.
Also to be fair, there are relatively short but good descriptions of weaponry, tactics and campaigns during the late 14th, the 15th and the first decade of the 16th century. These are rather well supported by the plates, which I found good, even if they may not be the “best” that I have ever come across. There is also a useful chronology and a family tree if only because, since the names and events are somewhat compressed into a limited format, you might tend to get confused with kings bearing the same name when reading about a period and royal families that you may not know much about beforehand.
Finally, there is a short bibliography. Here, for those wanting to learn more about Spain and who may be willing to read books in English that are not targeted at the so-called “general reader” (i.e. they are more scholarly and much more detailed), I can recommend the two following titles in the History of Spain collection (although there are certainly other good ones!) which cover the same period as this title, but include all aspects:
- Spain’s centuries of crisis: 1300-1474, by Teofilo F. Ruiz and
- The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs (1474-1520), by John Edwards
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
John Pohl's book highlights the real roots leading up to the well known Spanish conquests in the America's..
By Peter T Crosman
This is a remarkable book and an important contribution to Late Medieval studies, not just from a military but a political and socio-economic perspective as well. Spanish versus Italian histories always divide this story between the Iberian and Italian peninsulas to rationalize the origins of two independent nations-- but Pohl demonstrates instead that kings like Fernando I, Alfonso V, Juan II and their rivals actually thought of themselves more as members of extended noble families, the Trastamaras versus the Anjous, who were vying for control over multi-national territories governed by competing city-states extending across the entire western Mediterranean. Pohl always focuses on connecting the dots throughout this book; for example, when he calls attention to a scenario in which a campaign in one region by the Trastamaras is intended to reap a profit to reinvest in a second campaign in another - from Spain to Italy to the Caribbean and back to Italy again - these are merchant kings who see war as intercontinental high finance.
Pohl’s focus on city-state organizations, as opposed to nations, empires or other highly centralized polities, is important and establishes some new parameters for understanding the exploitation of internal factionalism that Spain would ultimately deploy so effectively against the Aztec and Inca empires. Cort�s and other conquistadors later made direct comparisons between Tlaxcala and the Republic of Genoa or Cholula and Rome for example in brokering coalitions among indigenous city-states that ultimately enabled them to bring down imperial capitals like Tenochtitlan.
The book’s focus on Alfonso V of Aragon, is not only significant in this regard, but also in terms of the theater of political statecraft as well. His triumphal arch was the wonder of the Late Medieval world, and established a precedent for the succeeding Renaissance princes who invoked the Classical past in furthering their political agendas going so far as to compare themselves to Roman emperors, gods and heroes. The arch would subsequently serve as the entrance to the headquarters for the Spanish army in Italy. No serving soldier could fail to understand the significance of Afonso’s ingenious strategy in gaining control over almost half the Italian peninsula. Considering that Alfonso was emulating the ancient Roman practice of regarding an emperor as a divinity, the strategy calls attention to the significance of later encounters in which Cort�s would be regarded as a Quetzalcoatl and Pizarro as a Viracocha, 'hero cults' as city-state politics. Pohl is correct in pointing out how little attention historians have paid to Alfonso when in fact he was in every way an equal to his contemporaries Henry V and Charles the Bold. It seems he's gotten short shrift due to the Italian emphasis on his rival Cosimo de' Medici of Florence and the loss of the Aragonese archive during the bombing of Naples during World War II.
Pohl is a lucid writer who is capable of tackling very complicated subjects and making them understandable to both scholars as well as the general public. His discussion of military strategies is fascinating; and calls attention to the fact that the roots of conquest in the New World, were ultimately due as much to Spanish innovations in battlefield tactics and political strategies mastered in the Granadan and Italian wars, as they were to technology and disease.
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